What does a GFCI circuit breaker detect?

A GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) circuit breaker is specifically designed to detect current leaks to ground. This is crucial for preventing electric shock and is particularly important in wet environments where the risk of ground faults is higher. The GFCI monitors the balance of electrical current flowing in and out of the circuit; if it detects an imbalance, which indicates that electricity is leaking to the ground, it will trip and cut off the power to prevent harm.

While other types of circuit breakers are responsible for detecting different issues, such as overheating due to excessive current (which is related to overcurrent protection) or short circuits, these functions are not within the scope of a GFCI's designed purpose. A GFCI’s primary role is focused on protecting individuals from electrical hazards caused by ground faults.